Chronic fistula after laparoscopic vertical gastrectomy.

At our high-volume university bariatric center, the leak rate is 2.7% for primary VG and around 7% for corrective VG as a second procedure. We have made a special effort to implement a leak treatment algorithm based on our experience of more than 1100 cases, and we believe that leak treatment should be uniform and a combination of medical, radiological, endoscopic and surgical treatments. In our experience, we have obtained a primary cure rate of more than 85% of resistant leaks after VG, and almost 100% after surgical treatment. As described by Eisendrath et al., we believe that conservative medical/radiological treatment with drain placement and endoscopy should be the first step in the therapeutic algorithm. This method of treatment has successfully resolved 75% of leaks in these patients (overall success rate, including all patients, was 81%). Self-expanding stent placement is a good option for reducing the need for revision surgery and for improving patient results. Nonetheless, we have found no efficacy in using more than 2 attempts at stent placement. As for the radiological application of percutaneous glues, we have not found them to be useful, and the leak area can become even worse with their use as it can become a fibrous tissue that is difficult to heal. Thus, we believe that our success rate is related with the Roux-en-Y loop, which provides drainage proximal to the leak and resolves the eventual distal stenosis that favors chronic leakage. In our opinion, many medical and surgical modalities have been described for the treatment of stenosis after VG. These include observation, endoscopic dilation, seromyotomy and wedge resection of the stomach sleeve included in the stenosis. The placement of a Roux-en-Y loop above the VG defect can be useful. We believe that when a proximal leak has persisted for more than 4 months, a Roux-en-Y loop should be inserted laparoscopically above the defect. Baltasar et al. described the technique in open surgery. Careful, extensive dissection of the proximal stomach, hiatus and mediastinal esophagus is essential to safely debride the defect and offer tissue quality that provides safe and effective suture of the small bowel loop over the stomach. The conversion rate reaches 11.1% in some centers. This technique should only be done when systemic signs of infection have completely disappeared, which is generally at least 3 months after the initial process. Likewise, we do not believe that total gastrectomies are the only or best surgical option for managing leaks, as has been reported. We hope that these comments provide other relevant surgical options in addition to what was mentioned in the article by Ferrer Márquez et al.